Disinformation refers to the deliberate spread of false or misleading information with the intent to deceive or manipulate public opinion, often for political, financial, or social gain. Unlike misinformation, which can be the result of unintentional errors, disinformation is purposefully crafted and disseminated to achieve specific objectives, such as influencing elections, inciting social unrest, undermining public trust, or damaging reputations.

Disinformation can take many forms, including fake news, doctored images or videos, manipulated statistics, and fabricated stories. It is often spread through social media, websites, and other digital platforms, where it can quickly reach a wide audience. The rapid spread of disinformation is facilitated by the use of algorithms that prioritize engaging content, regardless of its accuracy, and by the tendency of individuals to share information that aligns with their beliefs without verifying its authenticity.

The impact of disinformation can be profound, leading to real-world consequences such as political polarization, erosion of trust in institutions, and even violence. Governments, tech companies, and civil society organizations are increasingly focused on combating disinformation through fact-checking, public awareness campaigns, and the development of tools to detect and prevent the spread of false information.

Efforts to counter disinformation also involve promoting media literacy, encouraging critical thinking, and holding accountable those who intentionally create and distribute false information. However, the fight against disinformation is complex, as it often intersects with issues of free speech, privacy, and the challenge of regulating content on global digital platforms.