Voter fraud refers to illegal interference in the electoral process, typically involving fraudulent activities that manipulate vote counts, voter registration, or other election-related mechanisms. It can take various forms, including impersonation at the polls, double voting, tampering with ballots, vote-buying, and misrepresentation of voter eligibility. Voter fraud is a critical issue in democracies, as it undermines the integrity of elections, erodes public trust, and challenges the legitimacy of elected representatives.

The topic of voter fraud has become increasingly controversial, especially in the context of highly polarized elections. Allegations of voter fraud often surface during election periods, with political parties and candidates using the claims to challenge election outcomes. In recent years, countries like the United States, Brazil, India, and others have faced widespread allegations of voter fraud during major elections, prompting investigations by election commissions, independent observers, and fact-checking organizations. However, large-scale voter fraud is relatively rare, and many claims are found to be unsubstantiated.